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Provided by the South African National Department of Health
Hospitals: casualties
of Covid-19?
Given the key role of private hospital groups during the various waves of Covid-19, it may come as a surprise to learn that from an investment point of view, several of these companies have found themselves among the casualties of the pandemic. For many, occupancy and earnings remain below pre-pandemic levels. What has been the impact of Covid-19 on two of the biggest players in South Africa – Mediclinic and Netcare? Are there any risks to our continued investment case for these companies?
Within the first few months after the pandemic started, it became clear that the additional Covid-19 patients in hospitals were not offsetting the loss in regular patient activity – due to elective surgeries being postponed and a sharp decline in medical cases (except for patients with Covid-19) as social distancing and better hygiene habits slowed the spread of other respiratory diseases. In addition, extra costs associated with treating Covid-19 patients (for example, increased spend on more staff members and protective equipment) weighed on margins.
While most other companies have largely recovered from pandemic-induced losses, hospitals have continued to lag, with occupancies and earnings still below pre-pandemic levels. The chart below illustrates the underperformance of the major hospital groups relative to the market since the onset of Covid-19 in March 2020:
The road to recovery has certainly been longer than anticipated, but we’re seeing encouraging trends. The number of Covid-19 hospitalisations has decreased significantly, and society has returned to some degree of ‘normality’, leading to occupancy rates slowly reverting towards levels last seen before the pandemic struck. In our view, the market isn’t factoring in a full recovery just yet, especially for the South African hospital divisions of the biggest operators.
Looking beyond the pandemic, we think there’s a case to be made for owning these companies. Hospital groups are great inflation pass-through businesses, which means that even with stagnant volumes, they can still grow earnings. In addition, they benefit from an ageing population and a growing disease pool in most countries. In the past, the market has rewarded them with high multiples for this, but over the past few years, regulatory changes have spooked the market, leading to a sharp derating of the sector.
While we’re certainly not suggesting that these companies should trade anywhere near the levels they did seven years ago (when they all traded at a price-to-earnings ratio of above 20 times), we do believe that the market is now placing too much emphasis on regulation and negative operating environments, forgetting about the positive aspects of these businesses.
Let’s dig a little deeper into the individual hospital groups. As can be seen on the chart above, Mediclinic – which we hold in some of our portfolios – has recently outperformed on the back of a better recovery in the Middle East and a proposed offer by Remgro and Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC).
The offer, to take Mediclinic private at R88 per share, shows that others are also seeing the value in this industry at the moment. The Mediclinic board has rejected the offer, believing that it significantly undervalues the business and its prospects. We agree with this stance – we expect that if a further offer is made, it would be above R100 per share.
In our view, Mediclinic is ripe for privatisation, given that its expansion in the Middle East has largely been completed (and there is a lack of new external funding needed for growth), and it can now transition to a stable cash-flow-generating business. In addition, the high levels of Swiss debt, which have often made the market uncomfortable, will be better understood by private investors (with the debt linked to the property values of the hospitals).
We hold Netcare in most of our portfolios. After the group’s exit from the UK in 2018, it is now a pure-play South African healthcare operator and in our view, the best way to bet on the recovery of South African hospital occupancies, which has lagged that of the offshore jurisdictions of Life Healthcare and Mediclinic.
In addition, we don’t expect any large investments from Netcare, with most capital being spent on building a more efficient operator through digitisation and growing revenue at the margin across the continuum of care (for example, in mental health, pathology and radiology). This leaves more cash flow that can be returned to shareholders – we expect attractive dividend yields as the business recovers to pre-pandemic levels.
No investment case comes without downside risks. The biggest near-term risk would be new, more serious mutations of Covid-19, resulting in hospitalisations and the number of deaths picking up again. While we can of course not rule this out, we do think the evidence suggests that the virus is more likely to continue to mutate towards less virulent forms.
A second risk more specific to the South African context is the lack of growth in medical aid membership numbers and the increasing pressure that medical schemes can put on hospitals through so-called network options (where a member pays a reduced medical aid tariff in exchange for going only to certain hospitals with whom the schemes have negotiated discounts). The current private hospital environment is oversupplied, and this contributes to lower occupancy rates and medical aid pricing power.
In our view, this has been largely factored into the hospital groups’ share prices by the market. In our assessment of fair value of these companies – which is significantly higher than current market prices – we haven’t factored in occupancy rates increasing to levels higher than pre-pandemic, but we do factor in below-inflation tariff increases being passed through for a few more years as network options continue to expand.
The longer-term risk is undoubtedly regulation. For Mediclinic, this is what scared the market in both Switzerland and Abu Dhabi recently, when sudden changes in regulation significantly reduced the profitability of their hospitals in these countries.
In the South African context, the biggest regulatory risk is National Health Insurance (NHI) and the potential impact on hospitals if this is implemented. On the one hand it will increase patient numbers, which will be positive for private hospitals. The flip side of this coin is, of course, that these additional patients will most likely be accompanied by much-reduced tariffs.
Our own view is that if NHI is fully implemented, the final impact will probably be net negative. However, we also believe that this is likely to take many years, with even government admitting that it will need to be done in a phased, gradual manner.
Therefore, we are of the view that the current share prices are already discounting for the downside risks facing the hospital groups, with the risk-reward trade-off disproportionately skewed to the upside. As a consequence, we don’t believe these risks pose an immediate threat to the investment case for either Mediclinic or Netcare.
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Riaan Gerber has spent 16 years in Investment Management.
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